@inproceedings{simbuild2024_2130,
	doi = {},
	url = {https://publications.ibpsa.org/conference/paper/?id=simbuild2024_2130},
	year = {2024},
	month = {May},
	publisher = {IBPSA-USA},
	author = {Hyeonjun Lee  and  Hyeunguk Ahn  and  Donghyun Rim},
	title  = {Thermal Comfort Evaluation During Demand Response Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of SimBuild Conference 2024},
	volume  = {11},
	isbn = {},
	address  = {Denver, Colorado},
	series  = {IBPSA-USA Building Simulation Conference},
	pages = {838--848},
	abstract = {HVAC systems are a key focus of demand response initiatives due to their high energy consumption and control flexibility. However, most studies examined this issue from a grid-operator perspective, while largely overlooking the end-user perspectives on thermal comfort and focusing on demand reduction, optimization strategy, and energy saving. This study addresses this gap by employing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to assess thermal comfort under global temperature adjustments in a demand response context. Two representative building ventilation strategies—mixing and displacement—and three levels of internal load intensity (low, medium, and high) are examined for a simulated small office environment based on the Department of Energy (DOE) reference building. Thermal comfort is evaluated using Predicted Mean Votes (PMV), draft risk, vertical temperature difference during both response and recovery periods. Results reveal that displacement ventilation enables faster temperature adjustments in the ASHRAE breathing zone across varying levels of internal load, as compared to mixing ventilation. Specifically, the rate of temperature change was 31% to 54% faster during the response period and 32% to 41% faster during the recovery. Furthermore, PMVs were found to decrease more swiftly under displacement ventilation as internal loads increased, indicating higher potential for energy savings. However, the study also found that displacement ventilation is particularly vulnerable to changes in supply air temperature, leading to more fluctuations in draft risk and vertical temperature difference.},
	issn = {},
	Organisation = {IBPSA-USA},
	Editors = {}
}